The COVID-19 global pandemic has posed the biggest medical challenge of the past three years, and efforts to eradicate it have involved cross-border collaborations. Recent studies claim that the development and distribution of vaccines is an effective approach to end this infectious disease. However, this study demonstrates that a vaccine alone may not be enough due to differences in the rates of waning immunity induced by infection and vaccination. We propose that both vaccination and treatment are required to halt COVID-19 disease transmission and end the pandemic. From an epidemiological perspective, we employ the SVEIRS model by introducing vaccination and treatment into the compartmental epidemic model SIR. The experimental results suggest that the pandemic can be ended by performing both vaccination and treatment. However, the development and distribution of vaccines and treatments take time, and control measures must continue until the disease is completely eradicated.

The magnetar SGR 1935+2154 is the only known Galactic source of fast radio bursts (FRBs). FRBs from SGR 1935+2154 were first detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME)/FRB and the Survey for Transient Astronomical Radio Emission 2 in 2020 April, after the conclusion of the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA Collaborations’ O3 observing run. Here, we analyze four periods of gravitational wave (GW) data from the GEO600 detector coincident with four periods of FRB activity detected by CHIME/FRB, as well as X-ray glitches and X-ray bursts detected by NICER and NuSTAR close to the time of one of the FRBs.

The E/S (exposed/susceptible) ratio is analyzed in the SEIR model. The ratio plays a key role in understanding epidemic dynamics during the 2014？2016 Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone and Guinea. The maximum value of the ratio occurs immediately before or after the time-dependent reproduction number ­(R t ) equals 1, depending on the initial susceptible population (S(0)).

This study introduces a fresh perspective on conventional notions of ‘‘shape’’ and ‘‘distribution’’ by utilizing the innovative framework of branch-length similarity (BLS) entropy. In our exploration of ‘‘shape,’’ we propose BLS entropy-based interpretations of circularity, elongation, and symmetry.

This study explores the food transport efficiency (E) in a termite tunnel consisting of a main tunnel and a 2-segment loop tunnel through a model simulation.

Subterranean termites construct a network of tunnels beneath the ground, comprising a main tunnel and branch tunnels. While termites do not construct tunnels that turn back in a “U” shape, the intersection of main and branch tunnels often forms closed curved structures (a loop). The loop structure can have either a positive or negative effect on the transport efficiency of termites in food transportation. However, little research has been conducted on the impact of loop tunnels on transport efficiency (E) due to the technical difficulties associated with direct observation. In this study, we used an individual-based model to simulate termite behavior during food trans portation within a tunnel composed of a main tunnel and a loop tunnel.

The purpose of this study is to examine the driving forces behind the diffusion of an important management accounting innovation, activity-based costing (ABC). Driving forces are analyzed within five main aspects (volume, journal field, journal type, author type, and content type) through a survey of English-language journal publications relating to ABC and its recent iteration, Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC), between 1988 and 2019.

This study revealed that the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic coupled with its high transmissibility not only increased COVID-19-related deaths but also had a significant impact on overall mortality rates, especially in the elderly.

Vision transformer models provide superior performance compared to convolutional neural networks for various computer vision tasks but require increased computational overhead with large datasets. This paper proposes a patch selective vision transformer that effectively selects patches to reduce computational costs while simulta neously extracting global and local self-representative patch information to maintain performance.

African swine fever (ASF) is a disease with a high mortality rate and high transmissibility. Identifying high-risk clusters and understanding the transmission characteristics of ASF in advance are essential for preventing its spread in a short period of time. This study investigated the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of ASF in the Republic of Korea by analyzing surveillance data on wild boar carcasses.