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The effects of fractal landscape structure on the territory size distribution of subterranean termites; A simulation study.

https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.54.1697


The foraging territory of the Formosan subterranean termite, extit{ Coptotermes formosanus} Shiraki, was simulated by using a lattice model in order to understand how the fractal landscape structure affects the foraging territory and interacts with the territory size. Each lattice cell had a value ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, interpreted as a transition probability, extit{P} trans   , which represents the spatially-distributed property of the fractal landscape. The fractal landscape was characterized by a parameter, extit{H}, controlling aggregation of lattice cells with higher values of extit{P} trans   . At the beginning of the simulation, extit{N} (=30, 50, 80 and 100, depending on the condition) termite cells, each representing a founding pair, were randomly distributed within the lattice space. After fourteen simulation years, all territories had reached a steady state in which their shapes did not change over time. In this state, we investigated the size distribution of territories in size descending order. For large-sized territories (rank <  10 -- 20), the size increase with increasing extit{H}, which resulted from the fact that high extit{H }values indicated that fewer but larger, areas of contiguous cells with high values of extit{P} trans   were present. For small-sized territories (rank >  20), extit{H} had little affect on the territory size.


The foraging territory of the Formosan subterranean termite, extit{ Coptotermes formosanus} Shiraki, was simulated by using a lattice model in order to understand how the fractal landscape structure affects the foraging territory and interacts with the territory size. Each lattice cell had a value ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, interpreted as a transition probability, extit{P} trans   , which represents the spatially-distributed property of the fractal landscape. The fractal landscape was characterized by a parameter, extit{H}, controlling aggregation of lattice cells with higher values of extit{P} trans   . At the beginning of the simulation, extit{N} (=30, 50, 80 and 100, depending on the condition) termite cells, each representing a founding pair, were randomly distributed within the lattice space. After fourteen simulation years, all territories had reached a steady state in which their shapes did not change over time. In this state, we investigated the size distribution of territories in size descending order. For large-sized territories (rank <  10 -- 20), the size increase with increasing extit{H}, which resulted from the fact that high extit{H }values indicated that fewer but larger, areas of contiguous cells with high values of extit{P} trans   were present. For small-sized territories (rank >  20), extit{H} had little affect on the territory size.