Despite providing similar functionality, multiple network services may require the use of different interfaces to
access the functionality, and this problem will only get worse with the widespread deployment of ubiquitous
computing environments. One way around this problem is to use interface adapters that adapt one interface
into another. Chaining these adapters allows flexible interface adaptation with fewer adapters, but the loss
incurred due to imperfect interface adaptation must be considered. This paper outlines a matrix-based
mathematical basis for analyzing the chaining of lossy interface adapters. We also show that the problem of
finding an optimal interface adapter chain is NP-complete with a reduction from 3SAT.？